Themes

India–China Relations

India and China are Asia's two civilisational powers and nuclear-armed neighbours whose 3,488 km disputed Himalayan boundary — the Line of Actual Control — has never been formally demarcated. The relationship swings between deep economic interdependence and recurring military standoffs, most gravely the 2020 Galwan Valley clash, the first deadly border fighting in 45 years.

India's Semiconductor Strategy

India is attempting to build a domestic semiconductor industry — from chip fabrication to assembly and design — as a matter of both economic ambition and strategic autonomy. Anchored by the India Semiconductor Mission and large state incentives, the push aims to reduce dependence on imported chips and to position India within friendly supply chains.

India's Strategic Autonomy

Strategic autonomy is the organising principle of Indian foreign policy: the insistence on independent decision-making, unbound by formal alliances, so that India can partner with rival powers simultaneously and on its own terms. It is the post-Cold-War evolution of Non-Alignment into what is often called "multi-alignment" — deepening ties with the United States while retaining Russia, and engaging China inside BRICS and the SCO even amid rivalry.